OS Museum

Sources

Every fact on OS Museum has a source. The small numbers next to a fact link to its source here, with the date we last checked it.

Timeline

Back to the timeline →

  1. Timeline of Computer History: Computers (1975 and 1977), Computer History Museum. https://www.computerhistory.org/timeline/computers/ · checked 2026-11-08
  2. July 20, 1969: One Giant Leap For Mankind, NASA. https://www.nasa.gov/history/july-20-1969-one-giant-leap-for-mankind/ · checked 2026-11-08
  3. The IBM PC, IBM. https://www.ibm.com/history/personal-computer · checked 2026-11-07
  4. Video Game History Timeline (1981), The Strong National Museum of Play. https://www.museumofplay.org/video-game-history-timeline/ · checked 2026-11-07
  5. Tetris, The Strong National Museum of Play. https://www.museumofplay.org/games/tetris/ · checked 2026-11-08
  6. Iwata Asks: Super Mario Bros. 25th Anniversary, Vol. 1, 1. Expressing the Inexpressible, Nintendo. https://www.nintendo.com/en-gb/Iwata-Asks/Super-Mario-Bros-25th-Anniversary/Vol-1-Itoi-asks-Miyamoto/1-Expressing-the-Inexpressible/1-Expressing-the-Inexpressible-217174.html · checked 2026-11-07
  7. A history of Windows, Microsoft. http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/history · checked 2026-11-07 · archived copy
  8. A short history of the Web, CERN. https://home.cern/science/computing/the-birth-of-the-web/short-history-web/ · checked 2026-11-07
  9. A short history of the Web, CERN. https://home.cern/science/computing/the-birth-of-the-web/short-history-web/ · checked 2026-11-08
  10. PlayStation 1994 (PlayStation history timeline), Sony Interactive Entertainment. https://www.playstation.com/en-us/playstation-history/1994-ps-one/ · checked 2026-11-07
  11. Our Story, Pixar Animation Studios. https://www.pixar.com/our-story · checked 2026-11-07
  12. Celebrate Pokémon Day on February 27, 2023, The Pokémon Company International. https://www.pokemon.com/us/news/celebrate-pokemon-day-on-february-27-2023 · checked 2026-11-07
  13. How we started and where we are today (Our story), Google. https://about.google/our-story/ · checked 2026-11-08
  14. Part 1. Broadband Adoption in the United States (28 May 2006), Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2006/05/28/part-1-broadband-adoption-in-the-united-states/ · checked 2026-11-07
  15. The International Space Station Marks 25 Years of Continuous Human Presence, NASA. https://www.nasa.gov/centers-and-facilities/johnson/the-international-space-station-marks-25-years-of-continuous-human-presence/ · checked 2026-11-08
  16. Apple Presents iPod (press release, 23 October 2001), Apple Newsroom. https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2001/10/23Apple-Presents-iPod/ · checked 2026-11-07
  17. Ten Years Later, Facebook's First Users Look Back at Site's Earliest Days (Meg P. Bernhard and Matthew Q. Clarida), The Harvard Crimson. https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2014/2/4/facebook-ten-years-feature-1/ · checked 2026-11-07
  18. Apple Reinvents the Phone with iPhone (press release, 9 January 2007), Apple Newsroom. https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2007/01/09Apple-Reinvents-the-Phone-with-iPhone/ · checked 2026-11-07
  19. Minecraft, The Strong National Museum of Play. https://www.museumofplay.org/games/minecraft/ · checked 2026-11-07
  20. NASA's Three-Billion-Mile Journey to Pluto Reaches Historic Encounter (14 July 2015), NASA. https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasas-three-billion-mile-journey-to-pluto-reaches-historic-encounter/ · checked 2026-11-08
  21. NASA's Webb Telescope Launches to See First Galaxies, Distant Worlds (25 December 2021), NASA. https://science.nasa.gov/missions/webb/nasas-webb-telescope-launches-to-see-first-galaxies-distant-worlds/ · checked 2026-11-07

Unix

Read the story of Unix →

  1. The Evolution of the Unix Time-sharing System (Dennis M. Ritchie), Nokia Bell Labs, Dennis Ritchie's home page. https://www.nokia.com/bell-labs/about/dennis-m-ritchie/hist.html · checked 2026-11-08
  2. 50 years of Unix, Nokia Bell Labs. https://www.nokia.com/bell-labs/about/history/innovation-stories/50-years-unix/ · checked 2026-11-08
  3. Unix Programmer's Manual, November 3, 1971 (notes by Dennis M. Ritchie and the scanned manual), Nokia Bell Labs, Dennis Ritchie's home page. https://www.nokia.com/bell-labs/about/dennis-m-ritchie/1stEdman.html · checked 2026-11-08
  4. The invention of Unix (8 January 2019), Nokia Bell Labs blog. https://www.nokia.com/blog/the-invention-of-unix/ · checked 2026-11-08
  5. unix-jun72: 1st Edition UNIX restored from a June 1972 printout (Readme, the login source and notes/s2-sh.s on the shell), The unix-jun72 restoration project, on GitHub. https://github.com/DoctorWkt/unix-jun72 · checked 2026-11-08

PC DOS 1.0

Read the story of PC DOS 1.0 →

  1. The IBM PC, IBM. https://www.ibm.com/history/personal-computer · checked 2026-11-07
  2. Microsoft MS-DOS early source code (Len Shustek, 25 March 2014), Computer History Museum. https://computerhistory.org/blog/microsoft-ms-dos-early-source-code/ · checked 2026-11-07
  3. IBM PC DOS 1.00 (disk listing, documents and a working emulated IBM PC), PCjs Machines. https://www.pcjs.org/software/pcx86/sys/dos/ibm/1.00/ · checked 2026-11-07
  4. A history of Windows, Microsoft. http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/history · checked 2026-11-07 · archived copy
  5. Re-open-sourcing MS-DOS 1.25 and 2.0 (Rich Turner, 28 September 2018), Microsoft Command Line blog. https://devblogs.microsoft.com/commandline/re-open-sourcing-ms-dos-1-25-and-2-0/ · checked 2026-11-07
  6. Open sourcing MS-DOS 4.0 (Scott Hanselman and Jeff Wilcox, 25 April 2024), Microsoft Open Source blog. https://opensource.microsoft.com/blog/2024/04/25/open-sourcing-ms-dos-4-0/ · checked 2026-11-07

Mac System 1

Read the story of Mac System 1 →

  1. Apple Introduces Macintosh Advanced Personal Computer (press release, 24 January 1984), Apple Computer, in Making the Macintosh, Stanford University Libraries. https://web.stanford.edu/dept/SUL/sites/mac/primary/docs/pr1.html · checked 2026-11-08
  2. Macintosh (owner's guide for the Macintosh 128K and 512K, 030-0687-B, 1984), Apple Computer, scan on the Internet Archive. https://archive.org/details/030-0687-b · checked 2026-11-08
  3. On Xerox, Apple, and Progress (Bruce Horn, 25 March 1996), TidBITS. https://tidbits.com/1996/03/25/on-xerox-apple-and-progress/ · checked 2026-11-08
  4. Apple unveils new products (11 August 1987), United Press International. https://www.upi.com/Archives/1987/08/11/Apple-unveils-new-products/4204555652800/ · checked 2026-11-08
  5. Macintosh System Software User's Guide, Version 6.0 (1988), Chapter 10 and Appendix A, "A History of Macintosh System Software", Apple Computer, scan on the Internet Archive. https://archive.org/details/macintosh-system-software-users-guide-v-6.0 · checked 2026-11-08
  6. Switcher (Andy Hertzfeld), Folklore.org. https://www.folklore.org/Switcher.html · checked 2026-11-08

AmigaOS

Read the story of AmigaOS →

  1. Warhol & The Computer (Chris Garcia, 25 June 2013), Computer History Museum. https://computerhistory.org/blog/warhol-the-computer/ · checked 2026-11-08
  2. The Amiga Personal Computer (product preview, BYTE, August 1985), BYTE magazine, scan on the Internet Archive. https://archive.org/details/BYTE_Vol_10-08_1985-08_The_Amiga · checked 2026-11-08
  3. AmigaWorld, premiere issue (1985): the Amiga's user interface, AmigaWorld magazine, scan on the Internet Archive. https://archive.org/details/amiga-world-premiere-1985 · checked 2026-11-08
  4. Carl Sassenrath: career (Commodore Amiga, Manager of Operating Systems), Carl Sassenrath's website. https://sassenrath.com/carl.html · checked 2026-11-08
  5. "Commodore International Limited to liquidate" (Commodore press release, 29 April 1994), with the Associated Press report "Commodore Folds", Aminet 3 CD-ROM (July 1994), on the Discmaster archive. https://discmaster.textfiles.com/view/3299/Aminet%203%20-%20July%201994.iso/Aminet/docs/misc/CBM.lha/AP · checked 2026-11-08
  6. Hyperion Entertainment (home page and news), Hyperion Entertainment. https://www.hyperion-entertainment.com/ · checked 2026-11-08
  7. AmigaOS 3.2 for all Classic Amigas released and available (14 May 2021), Hyperion Entertainment. https://www.hyperion-entertainment.com/index.php/news/1-latest-news/290-amigaos-42-for-all-classic-amigas-released-and-available · checked 2026-11-08

Windows 1.0

Read the story of Windows 1.0 →

  1. A history of Windows, Microsoft. http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/history · checked 2026-11-07 · archived copy
  2. Microsoft Windows Operating Environment, Version 1.0 (Revolution exhibition), Computer History Museum. https://www.computerhistory.org/revolution/personal-computers/17/305/1208 · checked 2026-11-07
  3. First version of Windows released, Microsoft Stories. https://news.microsoft.com/announcement/first-version-of-windows-announced/ · checked 2026-11-07

MINIX

Read the story of MINIX →

  1. Some Notes on the "Who Wrote Linux" Kerfuffle, Release 1.5 (Andrew S. Tanenbaum, 2004), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Andrew Tanenbaum's pages. https://www.cs.vu.nl/~ast/brown/ · checked 2026-11-08
  2. MINIX 3: read more (history of MINIX), MINIX 3 project wiki. https://wiki.minix3.org/doku.php?id=www:documentation:read-more · checked 2026-11-08
  3. MINIX 3.3.0 release notes, MINIX 3 project wiki. https://wiki.minix3.org/doku.php?id=www:download:releasenotes-3.3.0 · checked 2026-11-08
  4. Download MINIX 3, MINIX 3 project wiki. https://wiki.minix3.org/doku.php?id=www:download:start · checked 2026-11-08
  5. LINUX's History (early posts collected by Linus Torvalds, 31 July 1992), Carnegie Mellon University, Alan W Black's pages. https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~awb/linux.history.html · checked 2026-11-08
  6. An Open Letter to Intel (Andrew S. Tanenbaum), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Andrew Tanenbaum's pages. https://www.cs.vu.nl/~ast/intel/ · checked 2026-11-08
  7. MINIX 1.1 (disk images and a working emulated IBM PC), PCjs Machines. https://www.pcjs.org/software/pcx86/sys/unix/minix/1.1/ · checked 2026-11-08

Windows 3.0

Read the story of Windows 3.0 →

  1. A history of Windows, Microsoft. http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/history · checked 2026-11-07 · archived copy
  2. Special event helps players set a record while celebrating the 30th anniversary Microsoft Solitaire (Steve Clarke, 22 May 2020), Windows Experience Blog, Microsoft. https://blogs.windows.com/windowsexperience/2020/05/22/special-event-helps-players-set-a-record-while-celebrating-the-30th-anniversary-microsoft-solitaire/ · checked 2026-11-07

Linux

Read the story of Linux →

  1. LINUX's History (early posts collected by Linus Torvalds, 31 July 1992), Carnegie Mellon University, Alan W Black's pages. https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~awb/linux.history.html · checked 2026-11-08
  2. Notes for linux release 0.01 (Linus Torvalds), The Linux Kernel Archives. https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/Historic/old-versions/RELNOTES-0.01 · checked 2026-11-08
  3. Notes for linux release 0.12 (Linus Torvalds), The Linux Kernel Archives. https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/Historic/old-versions/RELNOTES-0.12 · checked 2026-11-08
  4. Linux 1.0 release files (linux-1.0.tar.gz, dated 13 March 1994), The Linux Kernel Archives. https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v1.0/ · checked 2026-11-08
  5. Platform architecture, Android Developers (Google). https://developer.android.com/guide/platform · checked 2026-11-08
  6. The Linux Kernel Archives (home page: latest releases), The Linux Kernel Archives. https://www.kernel.org/ · checked 2026-11-08
  7. 50 years of Unix, Nokia Bell Labs. https://www.nokia.com/bell-labs/about/history/innovation-stories/50-years-unix/ · checked 2026-11-08
  8. MINIX 3: read more (history of MINIX), MINIX 3 project wiki. https://wiki.minix3.org/doku.php?id=www:documentation:read-more · checked 2026-11-08

Windows NT 3.1

Read the story of Windows NT 3.1 →

  1. A history of Windows, Microsoft. http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/history · checked 2026-11-08 · archived copy
  2. The engineer's engineer: Computer industry luminaries salute Dave Cutler's five-decade-long quest for quality (15 April 2016), Microsoft News. https://news.microsoft.com/features/the-engineers-engineer-computer-industry-luminaries-salute-dave-cutlers-five-decade-long-quest-for-quality/ · checked 2026-11-08
  3. Windows 3.1 and Windows NT System Application Comparison (Knowledge Base article 100628, last reviewed 31 October 2006), Microsoft. http://support.microsoft.com/kb/100628 · checked 2026-11-08 · archived copy
  4. Microsoft Announces the Release of Windows NT Workstation 4.0 (press release, 31 July 1996), Microsoft Source. https://news.microsoft.com/source/1996/07/31/microsoft-announces-the-release-of-windows-nt-workstation-4-0/ · checked 2026-11-08

FreeDOS

Read the story of FreeDOS →

  1. About FreeDOS, The FreeDOS Project. https://www.freedos.org/about/ · checked 2026-11-07
  2. Welcome to FreeDOS (home page and news), The FreeDOS Project. https://www.freedos.org/ · checked 2026-11-07
  3. "PD-DOS project announcement" (James Hall, 29 June 1994), comp.os.msdos.apps on Usenet, archived by Google Groups. https://groups.google.com/g/comp.os.msdos.apps/c/oQmT4ETcSzU/m/O1HR8PE2u-EJ · checked 2026-11-07
  4. Original 1994 FreeDOS announcement, FreeDOS Documentation Project. https://help.freedos.org/docs/about/announce.html · checked 2026-11-07
  5. How a college student founded a free and open source operating system (interview with Jim Hall, 30 June 2021), Opensource.com. https://opensource.com/article/21/6/freedos-founder · checked 2026-11-07
  6. FreeDOS Releases, FreeDOS Documentation Project. https://help.freedos.org/docs/about/releases.html · checked 2026-11-07
  7. FreeDOS turns 25 years old: An origin story (Jim Hall, 28 June 2019), Opensource.com. https://opensource.com/article/19/6/freedos-anniversary · checked 2026-11-07
  8. We are excited to announce the release of FreeDOS 1.4 (5 April 2025), The FreeDOS Project. https://www.freedos.org/download/announce.html · checked 2026-11-07
  9. 4 cool facts you should know about FreeDOS (Jim Hall, 29 June 2017), Opensource.com. https://opensource.com/article/17/6/freedos-still-cool-today · checked 2026-11-07

Windows 95

Read the story of Windows 95 →

  1. A history of Windows, Microsoft. http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/history · checked 2026-11-07 · archived copy
  2. Launch of Windows 95, Microsoft Stories. https://news.microsoft.com/announcement/launch-of-windows-95/ · checked 2026-11-07

ReactOS

Read the story of ReactOS →

  1. FAQ, ReactOS Project. https://reactos.org/faq/ · checked 2026-11-07
  2. 30 years of ReactOS (Carl Bialorucki, 22 January 2026), ReactOS Project. https://reactos.org/blogs/30yrs-of-ros/ · checked 2026-11-07
  3. ReactOS's History (project web page, 2007), ReactOS Project. http://www.reactos.org/en/about_history.html · checked 2026-11-07 · archived copy
  4. ReactOS Architecture, ReactOS Project. https://reactos.org/architecture/ · checked 2026-11-07
  5. Introducing ReactOS 0.4.16 (29 August 2026), ReactOS Project. https://reactos.org/project-news/reactos-0416-released/ · checked 2026-11-07
  6. ReactOS (home page and news), ReactOS Project. https://reactos.org/ · checked 2026-11-07

Windows 98

Read the story of Windows 98 →

  1. Microsoft Announces Immediate Availability of Windows 98 In More Than 40 Countries (press release, 25 June 1998), Microsoft Source. https://news.microsoft.com/source/1998/06/25/microsoft-announces-immediate-availability-of-windows-98-in-more-than-40-countries/ · checked 2026-11-08
  2. A history of Windows, Microsoft. http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/history · checked 2026-11-08 · archived copy
  3. Windows 98 is 20 years old today: but is it an OS worth celebrating? (Darren Allan, 25 June 2018), TechRadar. https://www.techradar.com/news/windows-98-is-20-years-old-today-but-is-it-an-os-worth-celebrating · checked 2026-11-08
  4. End of support for Windows 98, Windows Me, and Windows XP Service Pack 1 (published 6 January 2006, updated 22 May 2006), Microsoft. http://www.microsoft.com/windows/support/endofsupport.mspx · checked 2026-11-08 · archived copy
  5. Microsoft Announces Immediate Availability Of Windows Millennium Edition (Windows Me) (press release, 14 September 2000), Microsoft Source. https://news.microsoft.com/source/2000/09/14/microsoft-announces-immediate-availability-of-windows-millennium-edition-windows-me/ · checked 2026-11-08

Windows Me

Read the story of Windows Me →

  1. Microsoft Announces Immediate Availability Of Windows Millennium Edition (Windows Me) (press release, 14 September 2000), Microsoft Source. https://news.microsoft.com/source/2000/09/14/microsoft-announces-immediate-availability-of-windows-millennium-edition-windows-me/ · checked 2026-11-08
  2. A history of Windows, Microsoft. http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/history · checked 2026-11-08 · archived copy
  3. Win ME – not bad at all (Andrew Thomas, 31 July 2000), The Register. https://www.theregister.com/software/2000/07/31/win-me-not-bad-at-all/1326072 · checked 2026-11-08
  4. End of support for Windows 98, Windows Me, and Windows XP Service Pack 1 (published 6 January 2006, updated 22 May 2006), Microsoft. http://www.microsoft.com/windows/support/endofsupport.mspx · checked 2026-11-08 · archived copy

Haiku

Read the story of Haiku →

  1. History, Haiku Project. https://www.haiku-os.org/about/history/ · checked 2026-11-08
  2. Palm Gets Be in Its Bonnet (20 August 2001), TidBITS. https://tidbits.com/2001/08/20/palm-gets-be-in-its-bonnet/ · checked 2026-11-08
  3. Frequently Asked Questions, Haiku Project. https://www.haiku-os.org/about/faq/ · checked 2026-11-08
  4. Haiku R1/beta6 has been released! (26 August 2026), Haiku Project. https://www.haiku-os.org/news/2026-08-26_haiku_r1_beta6/ · checked 2026-11-08
  5. Haiku User Guide: The graphical user interface, Haiku Project. https://www.haiku-os.org/docs/userguide/en/gui.html · checked 2026-11-08
  6. About Haiku, Haiku Project. https://www.haiku-os.org/about/ · checked 2026-11-08

Mac OS X 10.0

Read the story of Mac OS X 10.0 →

  1. Mac OS X Hits Stores This Weekend (press release, 21 March 2001), Apple Newsroom. https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2001/03/21Mac-OS-X-Hits-Stores-This-Weekend/ · checked 2026-11-08
  2. Apple Unveils Mac OS X (press release, 5 January 2000), Apple Newsroom. https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2000/01/05Apple-Unveils-Mac-OS-X/ · checked 2026-11-08
  3. Apple's Mac OS X to Ship on March 24 (press release, 9 January 2001), Apple Newsroom. https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2001/01/09Apples-Mac-OS-X-to-Ship-on-March-24/ · checked 2026-11-08
  4. Apple Releases Mac OS X Public Beta (press release, 13 September 2000), Apple Newsroom. https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2000/09/13Apple-Releases-Mac-OS-X-Public-Beta/ · checked 2026-11-08
  5. First Major Upgrade to Mac OS X Hits Stores This Weekend (press release, 25 September 2001), Apple Newsroom. https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2001/09/25First-Major-Upgrade-to-Mac-OS-X-Hits-Stores-This-Weekend/ · checked 2026-11-08

Windows XP

Read the story of Windows XP →

  1. A history of Windows, Microsoft. http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/history · checked 2026-11-07 · archived copy
  2. Microsoft Announces Windows XP and Office XP (press release, 5 February 2001), Microsoft Source. https://news.microsoft.com/source/2001/02/04/microsoft-announces-windows-xp-and-office-xp/ · checked 2026-11-07
  3. Windows XP Is Here! (press release, 25 October 2001), Microsoft Source. https://news.microsoft.com/source/2001/10/25/windows-xp-is-here/ · checked 2026-11-07
  4. Windows XP: Microsoft Lifecycle, Microsoft Learn. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/lifecycle/products/windows-xp · checked 2026-11-07

KolibriOS

Read the story of KolibriOS →

  1. KolibriOS (home page), KolibriOS Team. https://kolibrios.org/en/ · checked 2026-11-07
  2. Downloads, KolibriOS Team. https://kolibrios.org/en/download · checked 2026-11-07
  3. Kolibri Releases, KolibriOS Team. https://archive.kolibrios.org/en/ · checked 2026-11-07
  4. KolibriOS README (official mirror of the main repository), KolibriOS Team, on GitHub. https://github.com/KolibriOS/kolibrios/blob/main/README.md · checked 2026-11-07

Windows Vista

Read the story of Windows Vista →

  1. What is Windows Aero? (Windows Vista help), Microsoft. http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows-vista/What-is-Windows-Aero · checked 2026-11-08 · archived copy
  2. A history of Windows, Microsoft. http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/history · checked 2026-11-08 · archived copy
  3. Microsoft Launches Windows Vista and Microsoft Office 2007 to Consumers Worldwide (press release, 29 January 2007), Microsoft Source. https://news.microsoft.com/source/2007/01/29/microsoft-launches-windows-vista-and-microsoft-office-2007-to-consumers-worldwide/ · checked 2026-11-08
  4. Steve Ballmer Kicks Off Most Significant Product Launch in Microsoft's History (press release, 30 November 2006), Microsoft Source. https://news.microsoft.com/source/2006/11/30/steve-ballmer-kicks-off-most-significant-product-launch-in-microsofts-history/ · checked 2026-11-08
  5. Windows Vista: Microsoft Lifecycle, Microsoft Learn. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/lifecycle/products/windows-vista · checked 2026-11-08
  6. What is the Aero desktop experience? (Windows 7 help), Microsoft. http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/What-is-the-Aero-desktop-experience · checked 2026-11-08 · archived copy
  7. Microsoft Simplifies the PC With Windows 7 (press release, 22 October 2009), Microsoft Source. https://news.microsoft.com/source/2009/10/22/microsoft-simplifies-the-pc-with-windows-7/ · checked 2026-11-08
  8. The Start menu (overview) (Windows Vista help), Microsoft. http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows-vista/The-Start-menu-overview · checked 2026-11-08 · archived copy

iPhone OS

Read the story of iPhone OS →

  1. Apple Reinvents the Phone with iPhone (press release, 9 January 2007), Apple Newsroom. https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2007/01/09Apple-Reinvents-the-Phone-with-iPhone/ · checked 2026-11-08
  2. iPhone Premieres This Friday Night at Apple Retail Stores (press release, 28 June 2007), Apple Newsroom. https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2007/06/28iPhone-Premieres-This-Friday-Night-at-Apple-Retail-Stores/ · checked 2026-11-08
  3. iPhone: Features (Apple's iPhone page, archived 13 October 2007), Apple, via the Internet Archive. http://www.apple.com/iphone/features/ · checked 2026-11-08 · archived copy
  4. Apple Announces iPhone 2.0 Software Beta (press release, 6 March 2008), Apple Newsroom. https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2008/03/06Apple-Announces-iPhone-2-0-Software-Beta/ · checked 2026-11-08
  5. iPhone 3G on Sale Tomorrow (press release, 10 July 2008), Apple Newsroom. https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2008/07/10iPhone-3G-on-Sale-Tomorrow/ · checked 2026-11-08
  6. Apple Presents iPhone 4 (press release, 7 June 2010), Apple Newsroom. https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2010/06/07Apple-Presents-iPhone-4/ · checked 2026-11-08
  7. iPhone OS 4 renamed iOS 4, launching June 21 with 1500 new features (Nilay Patel, 7 June 2010), Engadget. https://www.engadget.com/2010-06-07-iphone-os-4-renamed-ios-gets-1500-new-features.html · checked 2026-11-08
  8. Apple Previews iPhone OS 4 (8 April 2010), Apple Newsroom. https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2010/04/08Apple-Previews-iPhone-OS-4/ · checked 2026-11-08

Android

Read the story of Android →

  1. Industry Leaders Announce Open Platform for Mobile Devices (press release, 5 November 2007), Open Handset Alliance. https://openhandsetalliance.com/press_110507.html · checked 2026-11-08
  2. T-Mobile Unveils the T-Mobile G1 — the First Phone Powered by Android (press release, September 2008), T-Mobile Newsroom. https://www.t-mobile.com/news/press/t-mobile-unveils-the-t-mobile-g1-the-first-phone-powered-by · checked 2026-11-08
  3. T-Mobile Launches the Highly Anticipated T-Mobile G1 (press release, 22 October 2008), T-Mobile Newsroom. https://www.t-mobile.com/news/press/t-mobile-launches-the-highly-anticipatedt-mobile-g1 · checked 2026-11-08
  4. T-Mobile G1: Overview (HTC's product page, archived 12 November 2008), HTC, via the Internet Archive. http://www.htc.com/www/product/g1/overview.html · checked 2026-11-08 · archived copy
  5. Announcing the Android 1.0 SDK, release 1 (23 September 2008), Android Developers Blog. https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2008/09/announcing-android-10-sdk-release-1.html · checked 2026-11-08
  6. Platform architecture, Android Developers (Google). https://developer.android.com/guide/platform · checked 2026-11-08
  7. Android is now Open Source (21 October 2008), Android Developers Blog. https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2008/10/android-is-now-open-source.html · checked 2026-11-08
  8. Android 1.6 SDK is here (15 September 2009), Android Developers Blog. https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2009/09/android-16-sdk-is-here.html · checked 2026-11-09

Tiny Core Linux

Read the story of Tiny Core Linux →

  1. Welcome to The Core Project - Tiny Core Linux (home page), The Core Project. http://tinycorelinux.net/ · checked 2026-11-07
  2. Introduction to Core (14 February 2009), The Core Project. http://tinycorelinux.net/intro.html · checked 2026-11-07
  3. "Tiny Core Linux 1.0" (Robert Shingledecker, 5 January 2009), Tiny Core Linux forum. https://forum.tinycorelinux.net/index.php?topic=372.0 · checked 2026-11-07
  4. Team Tiny Core, The Core Project. http://tinycorelinux.net/Team_TC.html · checked 2026-11-07
  5. Frequently Asked Questions (License), The Core Project. http://tinycorelinux.net/faq.html · checked 2026-11-07
  6. Downloads, The Core Project. http://tinycorelinux.net/downloads.html · checked 2026-11-07
  7. "Tiny Core v16.2" (29 September 2025), Tiny Core Linux forum. https://forum.tinycorelinux.net/index.php?topic=27807.0 · checked 2026-11-07
  8. "Tiny Core Linux 2.0 & Micro Core Linux 2.0" (Robert Shingledecker, 7 June 2009), Tiny Core Linux forum. https://forum.tinycorelinux.net/index.php?topic=1853.0 · checked 2026-11-07
  9. "Tiny Core v17.1" (16 July 2026), Tiny Core Linux forum. https://forum.tinycorelinux.net/index.php?topic=28211.0 · checked 2026-11-07
  10. Core 16.2 release files (Core-16.2.iso, 19,412,992 bytes), The Core Project. http://tinycorelinux.net/16.x/x86/release/ · checked 2026-11-07
  11. About BusyBox, BusyBox. https://busybox.net/about.html · checked 2026-11-07
  12. Into the Core: A look at Tiny Core Linux (Lauri Kasanen et al., 2013), free PDF, The Core Project. http://tinycorelinux.net/corebook.pdf · checked 2026-11-07

Windows 7

Read the story of Windows 7 →

  1. Microsoft Simplifies the PC With Windows 7 (press release, 22 October 2009), Microsoft Source. https://news.microsoft.com/source/2009/10/22/microsoft-simplifies-the-pc-with-windows-7/ · checked 2026-11-07
  2. A history of Windows, Microsoft. http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/history · checked 2026-11-07 · archived copy
  3. Windows 7: Microsoft Lifecycle, Microsoft Learn. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/lifecycle/products/windows-7 · checked 2026-11-07

Windows 10

Read the story of Windows 10 →

  1. Windows 10 available in 190 countries as a free upgrade (press release, 28 July 2015), Microsoft Source. https://news.microsoft.com/source/2015/07/29/windows-10-available-in-190-countries-as-a-free-upgrade/ · checked 2026-11-08
  2. Windows 10 release information, Microsoft Learn. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/release-health/release-information · checked 2026-11-08
  3. Windows 10 Home and Pro: Microsoft Lifecycle, Microsoft Learn. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/lifecycle/products/windows-10-home-and-pro · checked 2026-11-08
  4. A history of Windows, Microsoft. http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/history · checked 2026-11-08 · archived copy
  5. Windows 11: a new era for the PC begins today (Panos Panay, 4 October 2021), Windows Experience Blog. https://blogs.windows.com/windowsexperience/2021/10/04/windows-11-a-new-era-for-the-pc-begins-today/ · checked 2026-11-08

macOS Big Sur

Read the story of macOS Big Sur →

  1. Apple introduces macOS Big Sur with a beautiful new design (press release, 22 June 2020), Apple Newsroom. https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2020/06/apple-introduces-macos-big-sur-with-a-beautiful-new-design/ · checked 2026-11-08
  2. macOS Big Sur is here (12 November 2020), Apple Newsroom. https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2020/11/macos-big-sur-is-here/ · checked 2026-11-08
  3. Apple unleashes M1 (press release, 10 November 2020), Apple Newsroom. https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2020/11/apple-unleashes-m1/ · checked 2026-11-08
  4. Apple announces Mac transition to Apple silicon (press release, 22 June 2020), Apple Newsroom. https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2020/06/apple-announces-mac-transition-to-apple-silicon/ · checked 2026-11-08
  5. Find out which macOS your Mac is using (published 26 October 2026), Apple Support. https://support.apple.com/en-us/109033 · checked 2026-11-08
  6. macOS Monterey is now available (25 October 2021), Apple Newsroom. https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2021/10/macos-monterey-is-now-available/ · checked 2026-11-08

Windows 11

Read the story of Windows 11 →

  1. Introducing Windows 11 (Panos Panay, 24 June 2021), Windows Experience Blog, Microsoft. https://blogs.windows.com/windowsexperience/2021/06/24/introducing-windows-11/ · checked 2026-11-07
  2. Windows 11: a new era for the PC begins today (Panos Panay, 4 October 2021), Windows Experience Blog, Microsoft. https://blogs.windows.com/windowsexperience/2021/10/04/windows-11-a-new-era-for-the-pc-begins-today/ · checked 2026-11-07
  3. Geometry in Windows 11, Microsoft Learn. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/apps/design/signature-experiences/geometry · checked 2026-11-07
  4. Windows 11 specifications and system requirements, Microsoft. https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/windows-11-specifications · checked 2026-11-07
  5. Windows 11 release information, Microsoft Learn. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/release-health/windows11-release-information · checked 2026-11-07
  6. Windows 10 Home and Pro: Microsoft Lifecycle, Microsoft Learn. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/lifecycle/products/windows-10-home-and-pro · checked 2026-11-07

Every Mac version

See Every Mac version →

  1. Apple Introduces Macintosh Advanced Personal Computer (press release, 24 January 1984), Apple Computer, in Making the Macintosh, Stanford University Libraries. https://web.stanford.edu/dept/SUL/sites/mac/primary/docs/pr1.html · checked 2026-11-08
  2. Find out which macOS your Mac is using (published 26 October 2026), Apple Support. https://support.apple.com/en-us/109033 · checked 2026-11-08
  3. Apple Ships Mac OS 7.6 (Geoff Duncan, 27 January 1997), TidBITS. https://tidbits.com/1997/01/27/apple-ships-mac-os-7-6/ · checked 2026-11-08
  4. Lives of the Finder (Macworld View, July 1985, p. 37), Macworld, scan on the Internet Archive. https://archive.org/details/MacWorld_8507_July_1985 · checked 2026-11-08
  5. October 1985 issue: "Open Window: Trashing the Finder" (edited by Jim Heid) and "The Megabyte Managers" (Jim Heid, p. 80), Macworld, scan on the Internet Archive. https://archive.org/details/MacWorld_8510_October_1985 · checked 2026-11-08
  6. Macintosh System Software User's Guide, Version 6.0 (1988), Chapter 10 and Appendix A, "A History of Macintosh System Software", Apple Computer, scan on the Internet Archive. https://archive.org/details/macintosh-system-software-users-guide-v-6.0 · checked 2026-11-08
  7. Get Info (Lon Poole, April 1986), Macworld, scan on the Internet Archive. https://archive.org/details/MacWorld_8604_April_1986 · checked 2026-11-08
  8. Getting Started: Approaching the Mac II (Jim Heid, June 1987), Macworld, scan on the Internet Archive. https://archive.org/details/MacWorld_8706_June_1987 · checked 2026-11-08
  9. Apple unveils new products (11 August 1987), United Press International. https://www.upi.com/Archives/1987/08/11/Apple-unveils-new-products/4204555652800/ · checked 2026-11-08
  10. Moving to System 6.0 (September 1988), Macworld, scan on the Internet Archive. https://archive.org/details/MacWorld_8809_September_1988 · checked 2026-11-08
  11. 35 years ago, the Mac got an era-defining upgrade (Jason Snell, 13 May 2026), Macworld. https://www.macworld.com/article/3136937/35-years-ago-system-7-era-defining-upgrade.html · checked 2026-11-08
  12. Apple Double-Clicks Mac OS 8 (Geoff Duncan, 21 July 1997), TidBITS. https://tidbits.com/1997/07/21/apple-double-clicks-mac-os-8/ · checked 2026-11-08
  13. Major Features in Mac OS 9 (Geoff Duncan, 25 October 1999), TidBITS. https://tidbits.com/1999/10/25/major-features-in-mac-os-9/ · checked 2026-11-08
  14. Mac OS 9 to Be Released 23-Oct-99 (6 October 1999), TidBITS. https://tidbits.com/1999/10/06/mac-os-9-to-be-released-23-oct-99/ · checked 2026-11-08
  15. Mac OS X Hits Stores This Weekend (press release, 21 March 2001), Apple Newsroom. https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2001/03/21Mac-OS-X-Hits-Stores-This-Weekend/ · checked 2026-11-08
  16. First Major Upgrade to Mac OS X Hits Stores This Weekend (press release, 25 September 2001), Apple Newsroom. https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2001/09/25First-Major-Upgrade-to-Mac-OS-X-Hits-Stores-This-Weekend/ · checked 2026-11-08
  17. Apple Introduces "Jaguar," the Next Major Release of Mac OS X (press release, 17 July 2002), Apple Newsroom. https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2002/07/17Apple-Introduces-Jaguar-the-Next-Major-Release-of-Mac-OS-X/ · checked 2026-11-08
  18. Apple Announces Mac OS X "Panther" (press release, 8 October 2003), Apple Newsroom. https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2003/10/08Apple-Announces-Mac-OS-X-Panther/ · checked 2026-11-08
  19. Apple to Ship Mac OS X "Tiger" on April 29 (press release, 12 April 2005), Apple Newsroom. https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2005/04/12Apple-to-Ship-Mac-OS-X-Tiger-on-April-29/ · checked 2026-11-08
  20. Apple to Ship Mac OS X Leopard on October 26 (press release, 16 October 2007), Apple Newsroom. https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2007/10/16Apple-to-Ship-Mac-OS-X-Leopard-on-October-26/ · checked 2026-11-08
  21. Apple to Ship Mac OS X Snow Leopard on August 28 (press release, 24 August 2009), Apple Newsroom. https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2009/08/24Apple-to-Ship-Mac-OS-X-Snow-Leopard-on-August-28/ · checked 2026-11-08
  22. Mac OS X Lion Available Today From the Mac App Store (press release, 20 July 2011), Apple Newsroom. https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2011/07/20Mac-OS-X-Lion-Available-Today-From-the-Mac-App-Store/ · checked 2026-11-08
  23. Mountain Lion Available Today From the Mac App Store (press release, 25 July 2012), Apple Newsroom. https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2012/07/25Mountain-Lion-Available-Today-From-the-Mac-App-Store/ · checked 2026-11-08
  24. OS X Mavericks Available Today Free from the Mac App Store (press release, 23 October 2013, Australian edition), Apple Newsroom. https://www.apple.com/au/newsroom/2013/10/23OS-X-Mavericks-Available-Today-Free-from-the-Mac-App-Store/ · checked 2026-11-08
  25. OS X Yosemite Available Today as a Free Upgrade (press release, 16 October 2014), Apple Newsroom. https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2014/10/16OS-X-Yosemite-Available-Today-as-a-Free-Upgrade/ · checked 2026-11-08
  26. OS X El Capitan Available as a Free Update Tomorrow (press release, 29 September 2015), Apple Newsroom. https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2015/09/29OS-X-El-Capitan-Available-as-a-Free-Update-Tomorrow/ · checked 2026-11-08
  27. macOS Sierra Now Available as a Free Update (press release, 20 September 2016, Singapore edition), Apple Newsroom. https://www.apple.com/sg/newsroom/2016/09/macos-sierra-now-available-as-a-free-update/ · checked 2026-11-08
  28. macOS High Sierra Now Available as a Free Update (press release, 25 September 2017), Apple Newsroom. https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2017/09/macos-high-sierra-now-available-as-a-free-update/ · checked 2026-11-08
  29. Apple introduces macOS Mojave (press release, 4 June 2018), Apple Newsroom. https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2018/06/apple-introduces-macos-mojave/ · checked 2026-11-08
  30. Apple security updates (2018 to 2019): macOS Mojave 10.14, 24 September 2018, Apple Support. https://support.apple.com/en-us/103179 · checked 2026-11-08
  31. macOS Catalina is available today (7 October 2019), Apple Newsroom. https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2019/10/macos-catalina-is-available-today/ · checked 2026-11-08
  32. macOS Big Sur is here (12 November 2020), Apple Newsroom. https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2020/11/macos-big-sur-is-here/ · checked 2026-11-08
  33. macOS Monterey is now available (25 October 2021), Apple Newsroom. https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2021/10/macos-monterey-is-now-available/ · checked 2026-11-08
  34. macOS Ventura is now available (24 October 2022), Apple Newsroom. https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2022/10/macos-ventura-is-now-available/ · checked 2026-11-08
  35. macOS Sonoma is available today (26 September 2023), Apple Newsroom. https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2023/09/macos-sonoma-is-available-today/ · checked 2026-11-08
  36. macOS Sequoia is available today (16 September 2024), Apple Newsroom. https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2024/09/macos-sequoia-is-available-today/ · checked 2026-11-08
  37. Apple introduces a delightful and elegant new software design (press release, 9 June 2025), Apple Newsroom. https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2025/06/apple-introduces-a-delightful-and-elegant-new-software-design/ · checked 2026-11-08
  38. macOS Tahoe 26 makes the Mac more capable, productive, and intelligent than ever (press release, 9 June 2025), Apple Newsroom. https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2025/06/macos-tahoe-26-makes-the-mac-more-capable-productive-and-intelligent-than-ever/ · checked 2026-11-08
  39. Apple security releases: macOS Tahoe 26, 15 September 2025, and macOS Golden Gate 27, 14 September 2026, Apple Support. https://support.apple.com/en-us/100100 · checked 2026-11-08
  40. macOS 27 Golden Gate, Apple. https://www.apple.com/os/macos/ · checked 2026-11-08
  41. System 7 Pro Ships (Mark H. Anbinder, 11 October 1993), TidBITS. https://tidbits.com/1993/10/11/system-7-pro-ships/ · checked 2026-11-08

Every Windows version

See Every Windows version →

  1. A history of Windows, Microsoft. http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/history · checked 2026-11-08 · archived copy
  2. TrueType history, Microsoft Learn. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/typography/truetype/history · checked 2026-11-08
  3. Windows 3.1 and Windows NT System Application Comparison (Knowledge Base article 100628, last reviewed 31 October 2006), Microsoft. http://support.microsoft.com/kb/100628 · checked 2026-11-08 · archived copy
  4. Microsoft launches the Daytona Windows NT 3.5 Server and Workstation versions (5 October 1994), Tech Monitor (Computer Business Review). https://www.techmonitor.ai/technology/microsoft_launches_the_daytona_windows_nt_35_server_and_workstation_versions · checked 2026-11-08
  5. Microsoft unveils Windows NT Workstation, Server for PowerPC (13 June 1995), Tech Monitor (Computer Business Review). https://www.techmonitor.ai/technology/microsoft_unveils_windows_nt_workstation_server_for_powerpc · checked 2026-11-08
  6. Microsoft Announces the Release of Windows NT Workstation 4.0 (press release, 31 July 1996), Microsoft Source. https://news.microsoft.com/source/1996/07/31/microsoft-announces-the-release-of-windows-nt-workstation-4-0/ · checked 2026-11-08
  7. Microsoft Announces Immediate Availability of Windows 98 In More Than 40 Countries (press release, 25 June 1998), Microsoft Source. https://news.microsoft.com/source/1998/06/25/microsoft-announces-immediate-availability-of-windows-98-in-more-than-40-countries/ · checked 2026-11-08
  8. Microsoft Releases Windows 2000 to Manufacturing (press release, 15 December 1999), Microsoft Source. https://news.microsoft.com/source/1999/12/15/microsoft-releases-windows-2000-to-manufacturing/ · checked 2026-11-08
  9. Microsoft Announces Immediate Availability Of Windows Millennium Edition (Windows Me) (press release, 14 September 2000), Microsoft Source. https://news.microsoft.com/source/2000/09/14/microsoft-announces-immediate-availability-of-windows-millennium-edition-windows-me/ · checked 2026-11-08
  10. What is Windows Aero? (Windows Vista help), Microsoft. http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows-vista/What-is-Windows-Aero · checked 2026-11-08 · archived copy
  11. Steve Ballmer Kicks Off Most Significant Product Launch in Microsoft's History (press release, 30 November 2006), Microsoft Source. https://news.microsoft.com/source/2006/11/30/steve-ballmer-kicks-off-most-significant-product-launch-in-microsofts-history/ · checked 2026-11-08
  12. Microsoft Launches Windows Vista and Microsoft Office 2007 to Consumers Worldwide (press release, 29 January 2007), Microsoft Source. https://news.microsoft.com/source/2007/01/29/microsoft-launches-windows-vista-and-microsoft-office-2007-to-consumers-worldwide/ · checked 2026-11-08
  13. Microsoft Simplifies the PC With Windows 7 (press release, 22 October 2009), Microsoft Source. https://news.microsoft.com/source/2009/10/22/microsoft-simplifies-the-pc-with-windows-7/ · checked 2026-11-08
  14. Windows 8 Arrives (press release, 25 October 2012), Microsoft Source. https://news.microsoft.com/source/2012/10/25/windows-8-arrives/ · checked 2026-11-08
  15. Windows 8.1 now available! (Brandon LeBlanc, 17 October 2013), Windows Experience Blog. https://blogs.windows.com/windowsexperience/2013/10/17/windows-8-1-now-available/ · checked 2026-11-08
  16. Windows 10 available in 190 countries as a free upgrade (press release, 28 July 2015), Microsoft Source. https://news.microsoft.com/source/2015/07/29/windows-10-available-in-190-countries-as-a-free-upgrade/ · checked 2026-11-08
  17. Windows 10 release information, Microsoft Learn. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/release-health/release-information · checked 2026-11-08
  18. Introducing Windows 11 (Panos Panay, 24 June 2021), Windows Experience Blog. https://blogs.windows.com/windowsexperience/2021/06/24/introducing-windows-11/ · checked 2026-11-08
  19. Geometry in Windows 11, Microsoft Learn. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/apps/design/signature-experiences/geometry · checked 2026-11-08
  20. Windows 11: a new era for the PC begins today (Panos Panay, 4 October 2021), Windows Experience Blog. https://blogs.windows.com/windowsexperience/2021/10/04/windows-11-a-new-era-for-the-pc-begins-today/ · checked 2026-11-08
  21. Windows 11 release information, Microsoft Learn. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/release-health/windows11-release-information · checked 2026-11-08